macrophage histiocyte MCL LMHA:00182 LMMA:00182 CL:0000235 alveolar epithelial cell LMHA:00586 LMMA:00574 FMA:62499 MESH:D000067170 telocyte The telocyte is a type of fibroblast (interstitial/connective tissue cell) that has a small oval-shaped cell body with multiple (1-5), thin, elongated telopods (cytoplasmic extensions) that can be up to 100-microns long. These cells are C-KIT positive and are associated with morphogenesis and local tissue homeostasis. LMHA:00356 LMMA:00356 LMMA:00677 BCL An epithelial cell that lines the peripheral gas exchange region (epithelial lining of the alveolar duct and alveoli) of the lungs. Includes both alveolar type I and type II pneumocytes. plasma cell LMHA:00574 CL:0000786 FMA:70574 BTO:0000392 CL:0000786 mature B lymphocyte A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. Plasma cells develop in the spleen and migrate to the bone marrow. Plasma cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD21-negative, CD22-negative, CD23-negative, CD24-negative, CD25-negative, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-low, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-positive, CD95-positive, CD196-negative, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. Transcription factors: BLIMP1-positive, IRF4-positive, PAX5-negative, SpiB-negative, Ets1-negative, and XBP1-positive. proliferative interstitial cell true LMHA:00598 lymphocyte LMHA:00223 LMMA:00223 CL:0000542 LMHA:00142 A columnar epithelial cell with microscopic hair-like processes, i.e., motile cilia, that extend from the apical cell surface. These cells are found in the epithelia of the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles), where they sweep mucous, dirt, dust, bacteria and other pathogens up and out of the lung, bronchi, and trachea. ciliated cell CL:0000064 true LMMA:00142 nonspecific epithelial cell general epithelial cell LMHA:00384 LMMA:00384 unclassified epithelial cell true membranous bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00630 mesenchymal cell MES MES LMHA:00137 alveolar type I epithelial cell LMMA:00379 AT1 cell squamous alveolar lining cell squamous alveolar cell alveolar type 1 cell pulmonary alveolar type I cell A thin, flat or squamous ("scale-like") alveolar epithelial cell, covering ~95% of the surface area of each alveolus, that facilitates gas exchange across the alveolar wall (septum), i.e., between the alveolus (airspace) and the capillary network. type I alveolar epithelial cell CL:0002062 EP1 AEC1 ATI cell alveolar type I cell true type I pneumocyte type I alveolar cell lung type 1 cell LMHA:00379 smooth muscle cell true A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped, involuntary contractile cell found in internal organs and blood vessels. Smooth muscle cells are found in the walls of the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles) and of the pulmonary and bronchial blood vessels (vascular smooth muscle). LMHA:00343 LMMA:00343 CL:0000192 intermediate fibroblast 2 LMHA:00189 A neuron whose cell body is located within an autonomic ganglion, i.e., part of a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Its purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses between the central nervous system and its target organs/tissues. autonomic neuron CL:0000107 autonomic ganglion cell LMHA:00521 neuronal cell autonomic ganglion neuron LMMA:00521 neuron submucosal gland epithelial cell LMHA:00694 chondrocyte true A type of connective tissue cell that secretes and maintains the structural components of cartilage, primarily collagen and proteoglycans. LMHA:00141 LMMA:00141 BTO:0000249 venous endothelial cell true An endothelial cell of the venous blood vessels. END LMHA:00805 nuocyte LMHA:00437 LMMA:00437 CL:0002089 reticular cell LMHA:00685 interstitial macrophage pulmonary interstitial macrophage lung tissue macrophage LMHA:00213 true LMHA:00253 MESH:D046568 Innervated clusters of NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS found in the LUNGS. They act as airway OXYGEN sensors, releasing regulatory PEPTIDES and SEROTONIN in response to HYPOXIA. neuroepithelial body An epithelial cell located at the base, or basal side, of the epithelium, in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane. These are small polyhedral cells with a large nucleus, relatively little cytoplasm and few organelles. They are undifferentiated, self-renewing, multipotent, progenitor (stem) cells for other epithelial cell types in the airway. basal cell true CL:0000646 LMHA:00087 LMMA:00087 myeloid leukocyte A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. LMHA:00241 LMMA:00241 CL:0000766 erythrocyte LMHA:00622 LMMA:00619 CL:0000232 CL:0000583 LMMA:00226 true alveolar macrophage tissue macrophage alveolar duct lumen MCL LMHA:00226 An epithelial cell that produces and secretes mucin, a substance containing mucopolysaacharides and protein, whch protects the epithelial cell surface. Mucous cells are found predominantely in the submucosal glands of the trachea and more rarely in the epithelum of the cartilaginous airways. mucus cell mucous cell true LMHA:00238 MESH:D009077 LMMA:00238 basophil basophilic leukocyte basophilic granulocyte LMHA:00090 LMMA:00090 CL:0000767 granulocyte LMHA:00179 LMMA:00179 CL:0000094 nonciliated secretory cell LMHA:00143 LMMA:00143 club cell bronchiolar exocrine cell The club cell is a non-ciliated, dome-shaped, secretory cell with short microvilli and abundant secretory granules. Its secretory proteins function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium from environmental toxins/irritants. The club cell also has the capacity for self-renewal (maintenance of a progenitor cell pool) and regeneration of the bronchiolar epithelium after injury. CL:0000158 Clara cell true B lymphocyte B cell BCL LMHA:00086 LMMA:00086 CL:0000236 LMHA:00252 neuroendocrine cell An endocrine cell that produces and secretes neurotransmitters and neuropeptide hormones in response to neuronal signals. In the lung, these cells are found as single cells or in cell clusters (neuroepithelial bodies) and are located in the epithelium of the conducting airways, including trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. CL:0000165 LMMA:00252 true respiratory bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00629 lipofibroblast true Lipid-containing interstitial cell located in the alveolar septum (wall). The lipofibroblast transfers neutral lipid (tryglyceride) from the capillaries to the type II pneumocyte for the synthesis of surfactant phopholipids. It also synthesizes ECM proteins, such as collagen and elastin, and contains intermediate contractile filaments. LMHA:00209 LMMA:00209 intermediate airway progenitor cell LMHA:00524 LMHA:00392 END CL:0002139 vascular endothelial cell LMMA:00392 true An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. dendritic cell LMHA:00150 LMMA:00150 CL:0000738 collecting duct cell An epithelial cell located in the ducts (tube-like structures) that transport seromucous secretions from the submucosal glands to the lumen of the upper trachea in the mouse and to the lumen of the cartilaginous airways in the human. LMHA:00146 LMMA:00146 mesothelial cell true A flat cell of mesenchymal origin that forms the superficial layer of the serosal membranes lining the body cavities of the abdomen and thorax. LMHA:00231 LMMA:00231 CL:0000077 terminal bronchiolar epithelial cell An epithelial cell that lines the intrapulmonary conducting airway, or bronchioles. The more proximal bronchioles are lined predominantly by ciliated cells with a greater proportion of club cells in the distal bronchioles. LMHA:00582 A stromal cell combining the features of a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell, such as alpha-smooth-muscle-actin positive, contractile myofilaments LMHA:00243 true LMMA:00243 BTO:0001946 myofibroblast muscle cell LMHA:00691 An epithelial cell that produces and secretes water, electrolytes, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant molecules, which protects the epithelial surrface. Serous cells are found predominantely in the submucosal glands of the trachea and more rarely in the epithelum of the cartilaginous airways. LMMA:00340 serous cell LMHA:00340 CL:0000313 LYM A mesenchymal-derived, squamous (flat), endothelial cell that lines the inner (i.e., luminal) surface of lymphatic vessels, forming a continuous, thin, endothelial cell layer or sheath (endothelium). LMMA:00216 END LMHA:00216 lymphatic endothelial cell true CL:0002138 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ HuBMAP The graph representation of the LMHA Ontology dataset. 2026-06-08 v1.4 lmha (v1.4) graph data proliferative mesenchymal progenitor LMHA:00282 endothelial cell END A mesenchymal-derived, polygonal, rounded, flat, or squamous (scale-like) cell that lines the inner (luminal) surface of the blood vessels and lymphaic vessels. These cells contain vimentin filaments and are held together by junctional complexes to form a thin, continuous, endothelial cell layer or sheath (endothelium). END LMHA:00161 fibroblast true A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with Branching_parting processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. LMHA:00169 bronchial epithelial cell LMHA:00577 LMMA:00591 CL:0002328 MES This term is used to describe a mesenchymal cell that cannot be classified under an existing cell type. true unclassified mesenchymal cell Mesenchymal cell, unclassified LMHA:00387 MFI myoepithelial cell A contractile cell found between secretory cells and basement membrane of the seromucus glands located in the submucosa of the upper trachea in the mouse and human. Each myoepithelial cell has long cytoplasmic processes that wrap around a secretory unit (acinus, or smalll cluster of cells with a central lumen). The contraction of the myoepithelial processes forces the secretory product from the secretory unit into its duct. LMHA:00242 LMMA:00242 BTO:0002309 mesenchymal stromal cell An undifferentiated stromal cell with the ability to develop into the cells that form distinct mesenchymal tissues; such as bone, muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. MSC LMHA:00230 leukocyte immune cell MIC CL:0000738 white blood cell LMHA:00185 MIC LMMA:00185 mesenchymal derived cell CD140+ cells mesenchymal cell LMHA:00716 proliferative fibroblast true LMHA:00607 innate lymphoid cell LMHA:00623 LMMA:00620 CL:0001065 mast cell LMHA:00227 LMMA:00227 CL:0000097 interstitial cell mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal-derived, connective tissue cell located in the interstitial space (i.e., interstitium or connective tissue compartments) of the lung. LMHA:00192 subendothelial connective tissue cell A fibroblast found in the connective tissue layer located immediately under the vascular endothelium in the tunica intima of blood vessels. LMHA:00378 LMMA:00378 connective tissue cell A group of cells derived from embryonic mesoderm (mesenchyme) that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells and bone cells. LMHA:00136 LMMA:00136 CL:0002320 monocyte LMHA:00233 LMMA:00233 CL:0000576 T lymphocyte T cell LMHA:00354 LMMA:00354 CL:0000084 non-T, non-B lymphocyte LMHA:00245 NKC natural killer cell LMMA:00245 large granular lymphocyte CL:0000623 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage LMHA:00681 LMMA:00698 CL:0000868 intermediate fibroblast 1 LMHA:00188 Unique slender cells with multiple processes extending along the capillary vessel and encircling the vascular wall to form a net around the vessel. These cells are embedded in the basement membrane shared with the endothelial cells of the vessel. They are are important in maintaining vessel integrity, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. alveolar interstitial cell CL:0000669 LMHA:00273 pericyte true alveolar capillary endothelium epithelial cell EPI Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming single or mutliple cell layers or sheets (epithelia). Epithelial cells lining the respiratory system are derived from endoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified by cell shape into squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional epithelial cells. They have a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell-to-cell contact and cell polarity. EPI LMHA:00164 bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00584 submucosal gland duct epithelial cell LMHA:00693 arterial endothelial cell true An endothelial cell of the atrerial blood vessels. END LMHA:00804 lymphoid cell LMHA:00614 LMMA:00614 BTO:0001096 nonspecific endothelial cell END LMHA:00260 CL:0002063 alveolar type II cell type 2 alveolar epithelial cell type 2 pneumocyte type II alveolar cell cuboidal type II cell type II pneumocyte LMMA:00381 true granular pneumocyte A cuboidal-like, alveolar epithelial cell that synthesizes, stores, secretes, and recycles pulmonary surfactant phospholipids and proteins, substances that reduce the surface tension in the alveolus. Pulmonary surfactant is stored in lipid-rich lamellar bodies, a distinctive feature of this cell type.. The type II pneumocyte is also capable of cell division and can repopulate the alveolar epitheium after injury, differentiating into type I pneumocytes. Although this cell type covers less than 5% of the alveolar surface, it represents 60% of all alveolar epithelial cells. type II alveolar epithelial cell AT2 cell ATII cell alveolar epithelial type II cell lung type 2 cell TII (type II) LMHA:00381 EP2 part of cell types LMHA:00135 neutrophil LMHA:00256 LMMA:00256 CL:0000775 blood cell LMHA:00692 LMMA:00692 CL:0000081 LMHA:00066 alveolar stromal cell A mesenchymal-derived connective tissue cell located in the interstitial space (interstitium or connective tissue compartment) of the alveolar septum (wall). alveolar connective tissue cell alveolar interstitial cell LMMA:00066 alveolar mesenchymal cell adipocyte A connective tissue cell specialized to synthesize and store fat, primarily in the form of triglycerides. LMHA:00054 LMMA:00054 CL:0000136 eosinophil LMHA:00163 LMMA:00163 CL:0000771 tracheal epithelial cell LMHA:00583 LMMA:00590 CL:0000307 A supporting cell of the peripheral nervous system, derived from neural crest cells, which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons and is required for nerve maintenance and function. LMMA:00338 LMHA:00338 neuroglial cell CL:0000218 Schwann cell glial cell Cell Ontology for Human Lung Maturation